Within the broad theme of brain plasticity, this work explores a dimension that has not received as much research attention thus far - activity dependent changes in myelin. Myelin acts to speed up axonal conduction. Until recently, the dogma of the field was that myelination was part of a developmental program that set up the neural circuitry, after which it remained static; however, the past decade of research has begun to reveal that myelin plasticity continues well into adulthood, is modulated in an activity dependent manner, and contributes to skill learning. The first part of our study is experimental: We report changes in conduction delays in the early human visual system following extended visual deprivation. Specifically, we work with a population of patients who were born blind due to congenital cataracts and gained vision late in life after cataract surgery. We report that after vision onset, there is a progressive decrease in the latency of neural responses in primary visual cortex up until a year post surgery – pointing to the availability of activity-dependent myelin plasticity in the early visual tract well outside the critical period for visual development. The second part of our study is computational: We explore how myelin plasticity can shape the dynamics, and ultimately the representations in neural circuits. To this end, we perform simulations of recurrent spiking neural networks composed of leaky integrate and fire neurons to demonstrate various computational primitives that can emerge through the tuning of conduction delays.