Sensory discrimination tasks are valuable tools for investigating neuronal perception and learning mechanisms. While novel somatosensory discrimination tasks have been developed for electrophysiological or imaging studies in head-fixed mice, there remains a scarcity of tasks incorporating neurophysiological recordings within a more ecologically realistic setting involving freely moving animals. This study introduces a tactile discrimination task for freely moving mice, integrating electrophysiology and calcium imaging with cellular resolution. In this go/no-go paradigm, mice learn to discriminate between various aperture widths to seek food rewards on a linear platform. We demonstrate that the task is whisker-dependent and that mice can reliably discriminate aperture differences as small as 6 mm. The automation of the task minimizes potential confounding factors, allowing the experimenter to leave the room during training. The setup's high flexibility facilitates investigations into diverse behavioral features, including tactile discrimination thresholds, valence-dependent behavior, and cognitive flexibility following a reversal of the task rule. The learning process is characterized by highly stereotypical and reproducible learning patterns across individual mice. Mice needed approximately 500 trials to learn the task rule and around 1000 trials to relearn the reversed rule. Additionally, the study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging within the same paradigm. Multiple behavioral readouts (learning progression, reward licking, whisker motion, whisker touch) can be synchronized with corresponding electrophysiological and imaging data, providing valuable data to help elucidate neural mechanisms of cognition and sensory processing.