The processing of sensory information by the neocortex is at the heart of conscious perception and is known to involve a dynamic interaction between synaptically connected GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs) and excitatory principal neurons (PNs). One hypothesis is that sensory feature encoding in PNs is supported by different IN types performing specific functional roles. Here we address this hypothesis in the mouse thermal cortex. The thermal system is a fundamental pathway required for accurate object identification, pain perception and body temperature regulation and one that is highly developed in the mouse. However, because the location of a primary thermal cortical region was unclear, how thermal information is processed has been poorly understood. Recently, we identified a region of the posterior insular cortex (pIC) that contains somatotopic maps of thermal and tactile information and is required for non-painful thermal perception (Vestergaard et al., 2023; Bokiniec et al., 2023). Two-photon imaging has shown that pIC PNs have a fine-scale and dynamic encoding of skin temperature, but, to date, there is no information on the encoding of temperature by cortical INs. INs could play fundamental roles in thermal processing including the integration, gain control, modality separation and spatial integration. As a first step to address these possibilities, here I present our first recordings of somatostatin (SST), parvalbumin (PV) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expressing INs during thermal stimulation. Future work aims to understand the role of cortical INs in thermal processing and perception with the use of a novel 2AFC thermal perception task.