Although cerebellum has traditionally been considered a motor control structure, a growing body of evidence highlights its crucial role among the neural networks that subserve emotionally related behaviors. In fact, anatomical studies in rodents and functional connectivity MRI studies in humans have shown that extensive interconnections exist between the cerebellum and structures of the emotional control network, including medial prefrontal (mPFC) and parietal cortices, hippocampus, amygdala and periaqueductal gray. Accordingly, accumulating evidence supports a critical role of the cerebellum in emotional associative learning, particularly in Pavlovian fear conditioning. Despite existing evidence supporting the role of the cerebellum in the emotional network, a comprehensive understanding of cerebellar neuronal activity during emotion control is lacking.In this project, we aim to elucidate the activity of cerebellar cortical neurons in lobule VI during fear conditioning in mice and their impact over mPFC activity, exploring the cerebellar-mPFC pathway during fear learning. To this end, we used a head-mounted miniature microscope for recording cerebellar or mPFC activity during the fear conditioning paradigm in freely behaving mice. We used genetically encoded calcium indicators to image neuronal dynamics, and genetically encoded designer receptors (DREADD) to transiently activate or inhibit small populations of cerebellar neurons during the task. Our preliminary data show the efficacy of this technique to investigate neuronal activity during fear conditioning. The results of our work will further our knowledge on the role of the cerebellum in fear conditioning and will provide new insights on the contribution of the cerebellar-mPFC pathway in fear learning behavior.