Resources
Authors & Affiliations
Caterina Marangoni, Foteini Xeni, Emma Robinson, Megan Jackson
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are beneficial for many of the symptoms of depression, but impairments in reward and motivation often remain or become worse. The effort-based foraging (EBF) and the effort-for-reward (EfR) tasks target different aspects of reward processing and motivation. This study investigated the effects of different antidepressants on effort-related decision-making (EfR) and motivation to engage with natural foraging (EBF). 2 cohorts of 16 and 24 C57bl/6J male mice were used in fully randomised, counterbalanced within-subject designs for acute pharmacological studies (escitalopram, venlafaxine, sertraline, fluoxetine 1-10mg/kg and vortioxetine, reboxetine 0.3-3mg/kg) and a between-subject design for chronic escitalopram and venlafaxine treatments (>2 weeks, 3 and 10mg/kg/day respectively). Acutely, escitalopram, sertraline (SSRIs) and venlafaxine (SNRI) increased the number of high-effort, high-value reward trials in the EfR indicating a behavioural shift to more effortful responding for food reward, but decreased the bedding foraged in the EBF, indicating a reduction in spontaneous motivation. Fluoxetine, reboxetine and vortioxetine had no effect at clinically relevant doses. Chronically, escitalopram increased the amount of foraging observed but animals also showed a general reduction in intake of high and low value rewards. Chronic venlafaxine, however, had no effect in the EfR and EBF. Antidepressants have different effects on motivated behaviours depending on whether they are food motivated or spontaneous behaviours. These two different motivation tasks may be useful in better understanding these different types of motivation and how these can be altered by antidepressant treatments.