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Authors & Affiliations
Ruma Chatterji, John Layne
Abstract
As animals execute essential behaviors like foraging, they must orient with respect to the space around them. That is, they must have some neural/behavioral mechanism for spatial navigation. One such navigation mechanism is path integration, whereby animals recall their starting point by continuously measuring distances and directions of their movements, summing these to form a single memory-stored home vector. While path integration is a primary navigation mechanism for many invertebrates, little is known about the temporal degradation of this vector memory. To investigate how long the home vector memory lasts, foraging excursions were examined in fiddler crabs (Leptuca pugilator). These are central place foragers that go on foraging excursions of up to a few meters at low tide during both the day and night. The excursions generally last 3-5 minutes, with fewer than 3% lasting more than 10 minutes, hinting that their path integration utilizes only short-term memory. To behaviorally test the time over which the home vector memory degrades, foraging fiddler crabs were magnetically trapped and detained in their original position and orientation for different amounts of time: <1 minute, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes. Once released, their homing accuracy was measured in both distance and direction. Results suggest that the home vector memory is unaffected by detention of <1 minute but is fully degraded by 15 minutes. This indicates that the memory required for path integration in fiddler crabs is very short-lived and may explain the temporal pattern of foraging excursions.