Due to its association with the chromosomal region PARK12, Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 1 (IL-13Rα1) is anticipated to play a role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Elevated IL-13 levels within the substantia nigra (SN) during chronic stress, coupled with the expression of IL-13Rα1 in dopaminergic neurons, suggest their potential involvement in neurodegenerative processes. However, the role of IL-13Rα1 in the pathological state of PD remains unclear. We investigated IL-13Rα1 expression patterns in postmortem brain tissues from PD patients and age-matched controls using western blot and double fluorescent immunohistochemistry, revealing a significant upregulation of IL-13Rα1 on dopamine neurons within the SN of PD patients compared to controls. Additionally, increased IL-13Rα1 expression was observed in A53T α-synuclein rat models, specifically on dopamine neurons. Furthermore, inducing an overexpression of IL-13Rα1 in neurons within the SN of rats using adeno-associated virus resulted in the death of dopamine neurons. These findings underscore a potential role for IL-13Rα1 signaling cascades in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of cell death through the IL-13Rα1 signaling system, providing deeper insights into the pathogenesis of PD.