The interplay between spontaneous and sensory-driven activity plays a critical role in regulating neuronal structure and function of neuronal circuits during development. Here, we investigated how deprivation of visual inputs (dark rearing) during the early stage of development affects sensori-motor integration at the behavior and neuronal circuit level. Due to the intrinsic characteristic of the mammalian brain, it has not been possible to analyze simultaneously the impact of neuronal activity in shaping circuits across neuronal populations in distinct brain areas. To overcome this limitation, we decided to investigate the effect of dark rearing in zebrafish larvae. The small size and the transparency of these organisms allow the recording of populations of neurons across the entire brain. For this investigation, we focused on the zebrafish prey-capture task, a mostly visually-driven behavior appearing in larvae a few days after fertilization. We found that, with respect to control condition, dark reared fish show lower success rates in capturing swimming paramecia. To investigate possible alterations at the level of neuronal network dynamics, we then recorded the whole brain activity by multiphoton imaging in zebrafish larvae expressing a genetically encoded calcium sensor (GCaMP6s) both in dark reared and normally reared conspecifics. We exploited novel computational approaches to pinpoint alterations in ensembles of neurons and their pattern of activity. Finally, since psychedelic drugs are known to engender prominent visual experiences and to induce neural plasticity, we tested the ability of a psychedelic compound to rescue deficits caused by dark rearing.