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Authors & Affiliations
Kathryn Toffolo, Edward Freedman, John Foxe
Abstract
During speech comprehension the ongoing context of a sentence can be used to predict sentence outcome. Context-dependent predictions are influenced by semantic comprehension, which can be measured via amplitude changes in event related potentials (ERP) (i.e. the N400 and P600 ERP components) and differences in areas of functional activation in response to semantic congruency. Semantic processing is refined throughout language development, reflected in amplitude and latency decreases of these ERP components and gradual activational segregation, with adult like patterns appearing between 10-12 years. Behavioral research has shown that people with autism often have difficulty comprehending pragmatic and semantic information. However, there is no consensus on their semantic abilities among neuroimaging studies. The purpose of this study was to characterize the development of auditory semantic comprehension in children with and without autism utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) across three age groups (6-7, 8-9, and 10-12 years). Preliminary data show effects of semantic congruency and age on ERP response amplitude, latency, and topography. Although not yet significant, if scalp topography differences between experimental groups are sustained with a larger sample size, it could suggest a different neural source for semantic processing. Functional activation in response to incongruent stimuli also show differences across age and experimental groups. Children with autism had bilateral activation relative to their peers and had clusters only seen in younger controls. The outcomes of this study could benefit individualized intervention and provide information on developmental language trajectory with complementary information from fMRI and EEG methodologies.