Visual coding is a highly dynamic process and continuously adapts to the current viewing context. At early stages of visual processing, adaptation was generally studied without considering behavioural contexts. However, we recently learned that locomotion and arousal strongly modulate visual processing, even at the retina level. Here, we aim to understand how locomotion impacts visual adaptation in the superior colliculus (SC), the most prominent visual centre in mice, which integrates retinal input in its superficial layers and performs sensorimotor transformations in its deeper layers. We recorded single-neuron responses in the SC using acute extracellular electrophysiology in awake head-fixed mice free to run at will. Visual adaptation was assessed in response to sinusoidal drifting gratings lasting for 2 s and presented in 12 directions, separated by a grey screen of 2 s. Each trial was classified as “active” or “quiet” if running speed was above or below 1cm/s for 90% of the trial duration. Most neurons in the superficial SC exhibited one of two adaptation dynamics: (a) strong transient responses followed by quick adaptation or (b) sustained responses adapting slowly. In contrast, many deep SC neurons showed no visual adaptation or increased activity across stimulus presentation (sensitisation). Locomotion significantly affected adaptation strength in around 30% of SC neurons, decreasing and increasing adaptation in similar proportions of neurons. These effects were independent of locomotion-induced changes in firing rates. Our results suggest that adaptation in the SC is modulated by locomotion, providing new insights into how organisms efficiently encode their dynamic surroundings.