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Authors & Affiliations
Sofia Vellere, Adana Keshishian, Sofia Gkolfinopoulou, Saqib Hussain, Martina Palma, Di Qin, Roberto Ciccocioppo, Esi Domi
Abstract
Adolescent adverse social experiences can evoke long-lasting neurobiological changes, thereby affecting subsequent behaviors including propensity to develop alcohol use disorder. The aim of this study was to explore the long- term consequences of early social isolation on alcohol consumption and motivation for alcohol.Here, we exposed male and female Wistar rats to social stress during adolescence and investigated the consequences on alcohol-related behaviors in adulthood. Adolescent rats (p21-60) were exposed to social isolation (SI) that was achieved by single housing rats throughout adolescence. Blood samples for corticosterone analysis were taken at p40-p60. In adulthood, rats underwent a battery of behavioral tests to assess anxiety and alcohol-like behaviors such as alcohol self-administration, motivation to obtain alcohol, compulsive alcohol self-administration and stress-induced relapse to alcohol seeking. Preliminary results showed a sex-specific impact of adolescent social stress on alcohol-related behaviors. Indeed, SI females exhibited increased alcohol self-administration, motivation, as well as compulsive alcohol self-administration, operationalized as alcohol responding despite contingent foot shock punishment. These effects extended to stress-induced relapse and were specific to alcohol, as the natural reward saccharin was unaffected.Our data strengthen the notion that adolescent social experience may represent a protective factor against alcohol-related behaviors in adulthood. Moreover, this research underscores the importance of sex differences to the long-lasting effects of adolescent social stress, with potential prevention and treatment implications in alcohol addiction.