Climate change is one of the biggest challenges humanity has ever faced, but the fields of social and decision neuroscience have contributed surprisingly little to our understanding of pro-environmental behavior. Across two studies, we adapted a well-established paradigm developed to study effortful prosocial behavior to investigate pro-environmental behavior. In study one, 74 participants engaged in a decision-making task, where they could earn a varying amount of money for themselves or a pro-environmental organization by investing a varying amount of physical force (measured by a hand-grip device). Confirming our hypothesis, based on research on prosocial decision-making, the results show that participants devalue rewards for the environment more strongly than rewards for themselves. In study two, participants engage in the same decision-making task while undergoing fMRI with the goal of studying the neural underpinnings of the decision process. Data collection and analysis of the second experiment is still in progress and the results will be reported at the conference. Using region of interest analysis we will compare activation for areas associated with the tracking subjective value (e.g. anterior insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) for self vs environmental decisions. In addition, we will investigate how that activation relates to participants’ real-life behavior, including everyday pro-environmental behavior and willingness to support climate policies. Adapting such a social neuroscience approach in the climate domain by combining neuroimaging and behavioral data helps us understand the neurocomputational processes underlying pro-environmental decision-making and identify barriers preventing people from engaging in more sustainable practices.