In the early 80s, NP treatment was limited to speech disorders. The disorders that appear in a patient after a cerebral lesion are the result of selective dysfunction affecting one or several cognitive architectures, components of specific treatments and a relative autonomy of functioning. The cognitive analysis of a disorder consists of the revelatory effort based on an architecture, which describes the different stages of the treatment of mental activity. Therapeutic options: - attempts recovery restoration of the deficit component/- attempts to reorganize the cognitive function using the remaining functions/intact- renunciation of modification of cognitive functioning in order to modify constraints relative to the use of deficit cognitive functions. Currently, the localization features of the tests are important in establishing a differential diagnosis/characterizing a syndrome. New cerebral imaging technologies (IRM, TEP) allow localization of lessional sites with a higher precision than tests. The best planning interventions requires a balance of post-morbid sequelae, where the concept of ecological validity represents a form of criterion validity, which evaluates not so much the syndrome, but rather the performance/status in daily life. Performance on a test, in relation to the individual's actual functioning, perforates a concomitant validity. The notion of ecological validity in NP shows that there is a relationship between performance in NP tests and the degree of success in these genius spheres of human activity. Important- Large groups/classes of functions Np - Etiological groups (based on etiology): these mainly in relation to the parietal, frontal and temporal lobe.