Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse brain contribute to lifelong brain plasticity. NSCs in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) are heterogeneous and, depending on their location in the niche, give rise to different types of olfactory bulb interneurons. We have recently showed that pregnancy activates specific stem cell subpopulations residing in regionally-distinct domains of the niche, with different temporal dynamics. The recruitment of ‘pregnancy-associated’ NSCs is transient, and results in a temporally-controlled generation of different subtypes of olfactory bulb interneurons. Each wave of newborn neurons becomes fully functional at key physiological periods of motherhood, such as birth or perinatal care. The majority of these pregnancy-associated neurons are short-lived and are culled by weaning. We used spatial transcriptomics to dissect the molecular and functional heterogeneity of olfactory bulb cell types in mothers. This approach allowed us to map transient and longer-lasting changes occurring during perinatal care and peri-weaning, in a layer-specific manner. We also revealed new types of adult-generated neurons, which dynamically change during pregnancy and play an important role in own/alien pup odor recognition. Taken together, our results suggest that ‘on-demand’ neurogenesis during pregnancy finely modulates olfactory bulb plasticity, preparing the female brain for motherhood.