The endocannabinoid system influences virtually all central nervous system processes: learning, memory, appetite, emotions, and more. Growing evidence suggest that modulation of the endocannabinoid system by endogenous or exogenous cannabinoids may be significant in the treatment of various diseases. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive substance found in cannabis has been used as a pain medication due to its sedative effect. However, a whole series of other phytocannabinoids have been isolated, such as cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (THCC), which are not psychoactive but may have various therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CBN, CBD, THCV and THCC on rat behavior. For this purpose, changes in the behavior were investigated 30 min after the administration of the test substances using classical tests for measuring behavioral changes in rats: locomotor activity, working memory, social behavior and pain sensitivity. Our results showed that even a very low dose of THCV (1 mg/kg) had a sedative effect on rats. Contrary, relatively high doses of THCC and CBN reduced locomotor activity of animals. Neither of the tested substance affected short term memory, social behavior or pain sensitivity. Administration of 5 mg/kg of THCV increased a number of vocalizations expressing negative emotional state of rats. We conclude that number of phytocannabinoids produce sedative effect in rats. Administration of THCV may be aversive in animals. Chronic treatment regimen may be used to increase effectiveness of phytocannabinoids in treating pain-related illnesses.