Previous research has shown that several subcortical brain regions, including the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the thalamus, in patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show a reduced volume relative to people who are not diagnosed with PTSD. There are also findings of a reduction of the volume of the corpus callosum in male children that have experienced child maltreatment and female children that have experienced sexual abuse. In this study, we aim to expand this finding to a broader population of trauma-survivors who experienced childhood neglect and/or potentially traumatic events (PTEs) during child- or adulthood but who have not necessarily received a clinical diagnosis. Leveraging the power of large, longitudinal population study that collected structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain of the participants (the Tromsø Study, MRI sub-sample N=1864, age-range 40-87 years, we evaluate to what degree there is evidence for reduced local brain volume in subjects who have a history of childhood neglect and/or experienced PTEs. We also use anxiety and depression as mediating variables. Within a structural equational model (SEM) framework, we study the relationship between childhood and adulthood PTEs and volumetric measurements of the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and corpus callosum controlled for by age, sex and intracranial volume including potential mediations through anxiety and depression. Our results showed a direct effect between childhood trauma and decrease volume in the Corpus Callosum. We also found a mediated effect between both childhood and adult trauma, anxiety and an increase in outer Corpus Callosum.