Neurogenesis is primarily defined as the development of neurons, which occurs in several locations of the brain including the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The proliferation stage of neurogenesis is the earliest stage in which the neural stem cells (NSCs) produced can be affected by a variety of factors, such as antibiotic toxicity. Fosfomycin (FOS) is a very reactive broad-spectrum antibiotic and is commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTI). Previous data from our lab indicated a serious negative effect on NSCs when FOS was administered to rats. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of FOS treatment on cognitive abilities and hippocampal neural stem cells proliferation of healthy, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats will be randomly selected and then divided into four equal groups. Naïve group, sham group, experimental group-low dose of FOS (177 mg/kg), experimental group-high dose of FOS (354 mg/kg). The injections will be conducted intraperitoneally, two times for four days every 8 hours. Afterwards, a sequence of behavioral tests will be performed before and after the administration of FOS. These tests are the thermal-sensitivity test to assess hyperalgesia, novel object recognition (NOR) test to study recognition memory, and Y-Maze to measure spatial memory and exploration. We will be injecting Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 24 hours prior to euthanasia in order to assess the rate of NSCs proliferation by immunofluorescence analysis. This novel research aims to further investigate the neurotoxicity of FOS, offering insights regarding the appropriate clinical application of this drug.