How does the cortex integrate conflicting time-information? A model of temporal averaging

In daily life, we consistently make decisions in pursuit of some goal. Many decisions are informed by multiple sources of information. Unfortunately, these sources often provide ambiguous information about what course of action to take. Therefore, determining how the brain integrates information to resolve this ambiguity is key to understanding the neural mechanisms of decision-making. In the domain of time, this topic can be studied by training subjects to predict when a future event will occur based on distinct cues (e.g., tone, light, etc.). If multiple cues are presented simultaneously and their cue-to-event intervals differ (e.g., tone-10s + light-30s), subjects will often expect the event to occur at the average of their intervals. This ‘temporal averaging’ effect is presumably how the timing system resolves ambiguous time-information. The neural mechanisms of temporal averaging are currently unclear. Here, we will propose how temporal averaging could emerge in cortical circuits using a simple modification of a ‘drift-diffusion’ model of timing.