Mapping the Tumor Neighborhood: Multiomic Profiling of the TME

Wei Wei and Sizun Jiang discuss how spatial multiomics reveals interactions among cancer, immune and stromal cells and the cell states associated with treatment outcomes. Their findings connect melanoma and small-cell lung cancer with the organisation of local tumour ecosystems. The session considers how immune checkpoint blockade prepares melanoma tissue for combination treatment, coordinated macrophage and T-cell states, clonal evolution and lineage plasticity, and the relationship between spatial architecture and immune checkpoint pathways. It also examines the use of AI foundation models and agents in spatial-omics analysis and systems immunology to investigate immune responses and potential therapeutic targets.