Topic: activated microglia

Human brain is the most dynamic and varied system of the body. The brain is composed of neuron and glia. But how do they interact to generate emergent properties like memory, learning, emotion and sleep is little understood. Many such complex systems that exist in non-linear dynamics are characterized by the fractal nature. The fractal dimension (FD) is a quantitative parameter that has been extensively used to analyse the complexity of structural and functional patterns of the human brain. The fractal dimension (FD) of the human brain quantifies the inherent complexity. Evidences strongly sug

Every year, 30 million infants worldwide are delivered after intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and 15 million are born preterm. These two conditions are the leading causes of ante/perinatal stress and brain injury responsible for neurocognitive and behavioral disorders in more than 9 million children each year. Both prematurity and IUGR are associated with perinatal systemic inflammation, a key factor associated with neuroinflammation and identified to be the best predictor of subsequent neurological impairments. Most of pharmacological candidates have failed to demonstrate any beneficia

We recently analyzed a large cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) autopsy cases of the Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB) and showed that 57% of the lesion in advanced MS is active (containing activated microglia/macrophages). These active lesions correlated with disease severity and differed between males and female MS patients.1 Already in normal appearing white matter microglia show early signs of demyelination.5 T cells are also frequently present in advanced stages of MS and have a tissue resident memory (Trm) phenotype, are more frequently CD8+ then CD4+, are located perivascular, enriched in act