Sex-reversing frogs, and Europe’s rising rates of a deadly tick-borne disease
Sarah Crespi and Richard Stone discuss the spread of disease-carrying Hyalomma ticks as the climate changes, drawing on reporting from Kosovo and the role of surveillance. Evolutionary ecologist Veronika Bókony then explains research on agile frogs whose development changes with temperature, including the reproductive consequences for genetically female frogs that develop male traits. The episode connects climate, disease ecology and amphibian reproduction. The publisher supplies a transcript and external audio.
The evolutionary origins of cortical cell types
In the last 500 million years, the dorsal telencephalon changed like no other region of the vertebrate brain. Differences range from the six-layered neocortex of mammals, to the small three-layered cortex of reptiles, and the complete absence of lamination in birds. These anatomical differences have prompted endless discussions on the origins and evolution of the cerebral cortex. We have approached this problem from a cell type and transcriptomics perspective. This reveals a more granular picture, where different cell types and classes have followed independent trajectories of evolutionary change. In this presentation, I will discuss how the molecular analysis of cell types in the brains of turtles, lizards and amphibians is updating our views on the evolution of the cerebral cortex, and the new questions emerging from these results.