Topic: axon initial segments

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) is a soluble secreted protein which links Adam22/23 proteins across the synaptic cleft and is also abundant in the axon initial segments of in the hippocampus. Anti-LGI1 autoantibodies have been found in CSF and serum of acquired epilepsy patients with symptoms of limbic encephalitis with amnesia and seizures. Previous studies showed human LGI1 autoantibodies co-precipitated with voltage-gated (VG) potassium channel complexes in rodent tissue. As VG-ion channels help maintain homeostasis in hippocampal action potentials, dysregulation of these channels

Principal neurons with dendritic axon origins offer privileged pathways for information flow through the hippocampal network and between brain hemispheres. Traditionally overshadowed in research, the GABAergic interneurons play a crucial role in modulating network activity. Our research leverages genetic and immunofluorescent markers to dissect the morphological variance among inhibitory neuron subpopulations, focusing on the axon initial segments (AIS) — key sites for action potential generation. Our study captures the extensive diversity of proximal interneuron morphologies within the murine

Chandelier cells (ChCs) that are present only in cortical structures selectively form synapses on the axon initial segments (AISs) of principal neurons (PNs) – the site of action potential generation. Therefore, these GABAergic cells are in the position to control the spiking of their postsynaptic partners in the most powerful way. Here, we compared anatomical and electrophysiological features of ChCs sampled in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the Nkx2.1-Cre and PVeGFP mouse lines.By performing whole-cell recordings from ChCs in acute prefrontal cortical slices, we found that ChCs label