Physical Computation in Insect Swarms
Our world is full of living creatures that must share information to survive and reproduce. As humans, we easily forget how hard it is to communicate within natural environments. So how do organisms solve this challenge, using only natural resources? Ideas from computer science, physics and mathematics, such as energetic cost, compression, and detectability, define universal criteria that almost all communication systems must meet. We use insect swarms as a model system for identifying how organisms harness the dynamics of communication signals, perform spatiotemporal integration of these signals, and propagate those signals to neighboring organisms. In this talk I will focus on two types of communication in insect swarms: visual communication, in which fireflies communicate over long distances using light signals, and chemical communication, in which bees serve as signal amplifiers to propagate pheromone-based information about the queen’s location.
Internal structure of honey bee swarms for mechanical stability and division of labor
The western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a domesticated pollinator famous for living in highly social colonies. In the spring, thousands of worker bees and a queen fly from their hive in search of a new home. They self-assemble into a swarm that hangs from a tree branch for several days. We reconstruct the non-isotropic arrangement of worker bees inside swarms made up of 3000 - 8000 bees using x-ray computed tomography. Some bees are stationary and hang from the attachment board or link their bodies into hanging chains to support the swarm structure. The remaining bees use the chains as pathways to walk around the swarm, potentially to feed the queen or communicate with one another. The top layers of bees bear more weight per bee than the remainder of the swarm, suggesting that bees are optimizing for additional factors besides weight distribution. Despite not having a clear leader, honey bees are able to organize into a swarm that protects the queen and remains stable until scout bees locate a new hive.