Topic: CO2 inhalation

Patients with an anxiety disorder often display aberrancies in sensing the internal state of the body. Interoception is activated for example by mild hypercapnia during CO2 inhalation due to homeostatic disturbances of the body eliciting anxiety and even panic-like behaviours across species. Yet, although altered interoception is increasingly recognized as an important component of anxiety disorders, its underlying neural mechanisms remain little understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether trait anxiety levels affect the engagement of the anxiety network in response to CO2 challenge. Mice

The subjective experience of internal sensation processing (interoception) which affects emotions, appears to be altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders. Anxiety is a frequently co-occurring condition in patients with ASD, exacerbating ASD symptoms and causing functional impairments in these individuals. In contrast to anxiety in normotypic populations, our knowledge about the neuronal correlates of anxiety in ASD is very limited. Here we investigated behavioral responses to CO2 inhalation in Setd5 haploinsufficient (Setd5+/-) mice, which demonstrate signs of ASD and al