Cortical layer 1

Synaptic plasticity is a key process for brain function and memory formation. This depends on the ability of neurons to remodel their synaptic proteomes with high temporal and spatial resolution, promptly delivering and degrading the right proteins at the correct locations. Decades of work have shown that local protein synthesis at synapses is one of the mechanisms that enables remodeling of the local proteome. In vitro and ex vivo studies, mainly focusing on the hippocampus, have shown that neurons locally translate thousands of mRNAs, and that this process is required for several forms of lo

…of top-down projections in cortex is layer 1, which houses the dendrites of pyramidal cells (PC; Schuman et al., 2021). While layer 1 is devoid of excitatory cell bodies, it contains a variety of interneurons, including neurogliaform cells expressing neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF; Abs et al., 2018). NDNF interneurons are unique in that they provide slow inhibition, partially via non-synaptic volume release of GABA (Pardi et al. 2020). Yet, their co