Topic: dyskinesias

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to striatal dopamine deficiency. The A2A and D2 receptors form heteromeric complexes in striatal neurons that play an important modulatory role in fine-tuning motor control.The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the proportion of individual A2AR, of individual D2R and of A2AR-D2R heteromers (A2A-D2Het) present in a primate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) PD model, with and without showing dyskinesias. This h

In animal experimentation, welfare and severity assessments are necessary to meet legal and ethical requirements. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the nigrostriatal system of rats is used as a model for Parkinson's disease (PD). Unilateral intranigral infusion of 6-OHDA leads to a massive destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and concomitant motor disturbances. After injection of Levodopa (L-Dopa), these rats develop dyskinesias. The bilateral model leads to slow and incomplete retrograde degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. For severity assessment, we quantitatively m