Engrams

…Cell assemblies, or engrams, may provide neural representations for such relationships. First, I will show a class of associative memory models that encode and retrieve multiple memory contents linked by an arbitrary graph structure through experience and demonstrate the crucial role of the balance between two inhibitory subnet

…known as neuronal ensembles, or “engrams”, and neuroplasticity is believed to be the underlying mechanism that allows the formation or remodeling of these ensembles, thus allowing memory modifications. Critically, the hippocampus has been described as a central hub for neuronal ensembles. In the context of fear memory, the representation of the hippocampal neuronal ensemble has been characterized, while little is known about the neuronal ensemble within the hippocampus and the upstream circuits in spatial learning and memory. With

Emotions play an adaptive role in shaping neural representations of strong aversive memories. Complex mood disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety share common symptoms of memory impairment, though their link to mechanisms of memory consolidation is not well understood. The strength of ensemble formation in micro- and macro-circuits between the central nucleus of the amygdala (cea) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (pvn) facilitates associations between different internal states, innate behaviour and aversive experiences. Understanding how ensemb

During Long Term Potentiation (LTP) AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are inserted into the plasma membrane. This form of synaptic plasticity is crucial for many aspects of brain function, including learning and memory. Protein 4.1N (EPB41L1) is a neuronally enriched member of the protein 4.1 family. In primary hippocampal cultures, 4.1N is enriched at the discrete sites of synaptic contact, co-localizing with the postsynaptic density proteins, suggesting a potential functional role for 4.1N as a component of the cytoskeletal architecture of excitatory synapses. 4.1N also directly interacts with the Glu

Understanding how the brain uses information is a fundamental goal of neuroscience. Several human disorders (ranging from autism spectrum disorder to PTSD to Alzheimer’s disease) may stem from disrupted information processing. Therefore, this basic knowledge is not only critical for understanding normal brain function, but also vital for the development of new treatment strategies for these disorders. Memory may be defined as the retention over time of internal representations gained through experience, and the capacity to reconstruct these representations at later times. Long-lasting physical