Topic: Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO), a potent growth factor, named after its role in erythropoiesis, has been shown to not only be produced in the brain, but also to have significant effects in improving cognitive performance. The mechanisms by which EPO acts are yet to be fully explored, including the transcriptome changes elicited by it in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Here we explore these changes after a 3-week EPO/Placebo treatment using single-nuclei RNA sequencing. A total of 12.043 nuclei were classified into 5 cell types (oligodendrocyte precursor cell – OPC, committed oligodendrocyte precursor – COP

Hypoxia is increasingly seen as urgent physiological driving force, permitting cells within the brain and in other parts of the body to acclimate to lowered oxygen (O2) and reduced metabolism. The mediating transcription program is induced by inspiratory hypoxia but also by intensive motor-cognitive tasks, provoking a relative decrease in O2 in relation to the acutely augmented requirement. We named this essential, demand-dependent drop in O2 accessibility ′functional hypoxia′. Major players within the hypoxia reaction are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and associated prolyl-hydroxylases. HIF

Cytokine receptor-like factor 3 (CRLF3) is an phylogenetically ancient class 1 cytokine receptor present in all major eumetazoan taxa ranging from cnidarians to mammals. In humans, CRLF3 is expressed in various tissues and has been associated with proliferation, differentiation, cell survival and some diseases. Our studies on insect neurons and human iPSC-derived neurons demonstrated that CRLF3 (whose insect-endogenous ligand is still unidentified) can be activated by human erythropoietin (EPO) and its non-erythropoietic splice variant EV-3. Under apoptogenic conditions, CRLF3 initiates pro-su