Topic: extracellular space

ATP/Adenosine, a type of neurotransmitter, has recently attracted attention as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and has been reported to play an important role in the induction of inflammation via inflammasome. On the other hand, there have been few reports on in vivo measurements of ATP and adenosine in the synaptic cleft and/or extracellular spaces.Generally, in vivo measurement of neurotransmitter content in the synaptic cleft and/or extracellular spaces has been performed mainly by invasive methods such as micro dialysis. However, recently, GPCR-activation-based (GRAB) sensor w

Neurons and glial cells are surrounded by interstitial fluid (ISF), which primarily originates from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The fluid dynamics of ISF and CSF have been examined by cisterna magna injection of fluid tracers such as fluorescent dextran or contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. While this approach has unveiled major CSF flow dynamics in the recent decade, cisterna magna injection introduces transient intracranial pressure changes that can lead to experimental variability. In this study, we attempted to label the CSF/ISF via endogenously expressed secretory fluorescent