Topic: GABA shift

In the brain, the neuronal activity is kept and controlled by a precise and well-defined “Excitatory/Inhibitory balance” among neurons, which holds importance in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. With the final aim of generating a reliable in vitro system of the human brain, this work was focused on the interplay between excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) neurons in neural networks derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), deepening the critical role of heterogeneity. We exploited high-density Micro-Electrode Arrays (MEAs, 2304 electrodes) to explore two neur

Intraneuronal chloride concentrations ([Cl-]i) decrease during development resulting in a shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA responses via chloride-permeable GABAA receptors. This GABA shift plays a pivotal role in postnatal brain development, and can be strongly influenced by early life experience. Here, we assessed the applicability of the recently developed fluorescent SuperClomeleon (SClm) sensor to examine changes in [Cl-]i using two-photon microscopy in brain slices. Depending on the binding of chloride, with this sensor, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) occurs

Neurodevelopment is a finely orchestrated process marked by the sequential, but intimately connected events of synapse formation, maturation, and the critical GABA shift, where GABAergic neurotransmission transitions from excitatory to inhibitory. The precise timing and intricate balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling is crucial for establishing functional neural circuits, and when disrupted contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy. Exploring human aspects of neuronal development and functioning face challenges due to limitation