Topic: GCaMP6

Several populations of GABAergic interneurons (INs) are strongly regulated by neuromodulatory input during distinct behavioral states, and thus may be key contributors to flexible cortical function. One prominent model suggests vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing INs (VIP-INs) activate upon arousal, suppress the activity of downstream INs (SST-INs), and consequently disinhibit pyramidal neurons (PNs). This VIP-SST-PN disinhibitory circuit is hypothesized to be a general cortical circuit motif allowing behavioral state signals to modulate sensory processing. Cortical VIP-INs, however, have

Cholinergic transmission is fundamental in memory mechanisms. Accordingly, the early degeneration of cholinergic fibers characterizing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) contributes to cognitive impairment, and mice lacking functional α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (A7KO) develop an age-dependent AD-like phenotype, featuring increased levels of β-amyloid and phospho-tau, hippocampal plasticity deficits, neuronal loss and astrogliosis. Astrocytes, recognized partners of neurons in brain function, are characterized by a signaling system based on variations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Experi

Understanding dendritic integration in relation to its excitatory and inhibitory inputs is critical to deciphering neuronal data processing. Upon sensorimotor stimulus, the cerebellar Purkinje neuron (PN) receives excitatory inputs from a single climbing fiber (CF), thousands of parallel fibers (PFs), and feed-forward inhibitory inputs (FFI) from molecular layer interneurons (MLIs). This study aims to understand the dendritic interplay of MLI inhibitory inputs, shaping excitatory inputs upon air puff stimulation in awake mice.We labeled MLI axons with GCaMP6 and PN with the voltage-sensitive d

We have revealed that there is a causal relationship between activation of dorsal raphe (DR) serotonergic neurons and patience when waiting for future rewards. To explain these behavioral data, we proposed a Bayesian decision model of waiting in which serotonin signals the prior probability of reward delivery. However, there is no direct evidence serotonin neural activity is modulated by reward probability. Five male serotonin neuron-specific GCaMP6-expressing mice were trained to perform a sequential tone-food waiting task that required them to wait for a delayed tone (tone delay: 0.3 s, tone