Topic: internal globus pallidus

Oscillations in neural activity are often studied in signals that reflect electrical currents aggregated over neuronal populations (e.g., local field potentials). Ideally, we could straightforwardly analyze oscillations in individual neurons’ firing, by estimating the power spectral density (PSD) of spike trains. Unfortunately, spike train spectra exhibit a global distortion generated by the neuronal recovery period (“RP”, the post-spike drop in spike probability, which can extend beyond the refractory period). This distortion can increase the rate of false negatives and false positives from s

REM sleep has been hypothesized to promote emotional resilience, but no neuronal circuitsmediating this have been identified. We find that in mice, somatostatin (Som) neurons in theentopeduncular nucleus (EPSom)/internal globus pallidus are predominantly active during REMsleep. This unique REM activity is necessary and sufficient for maintaining normal REM sleep.Inhibiting or exciting EPSom neurons reduced or increased REM sleep duration, respectively.Activation of the sole downstream target of EPSom neurons, Vglut2 cells in the lateral habenula(LHb), increased sleep via the ventral tegmental