Topic: interpeduncular nucleus

To successfully navigate their environment, animals may generate an internal, abstract and stable representation of the environment that can be updated based on sensory cues, such as visual landmarks or vestibular feedback, or internally generated motor commands. In mammals, neurons that fire when the animal faces a particular direction in the world reference frame have been recorded in mammillary bodies and entorhinal cortex. The heading direction can be read out using a weighted sum of the activation of those cells. This dynamics is well described by a “ring attractor” model: the network has

I show new idea how mu-opioids and high prenatal nicotine cause respiratory slowdown linked toslow wave sleep. A high dose of mu-opioids overstimulates the medial habenula whichactivates the interpeduncular nucleus. The IPN causes respiratory depression via its output toPAG, DRN, MRN, or LPO-RMTg.SWS is linked to a natural slowdown of respiration and heart rate. The MHb and rostromedial tegmental nucleus are known for high amount of mu-opioid receptors. Both MHb and RMTg were proposed to be activated in the neural circuit that promotes SWS, rest, immune defense and recovery (Vadovičová, 2015).

The habenula is a phylogenetically conserved bilateral brain structure known to modulate negative emotions. Hemispheric asymmetry in cortical areas plays a key role in behavior and cognition. Although habenular asymmetry is prominent in several vertebrate species, there is little evidence for left-right asymmetry in the mammalian habenula. To investigate the asymmetry in synaptic transmission in the medial habenula (MHb) to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) pathway in mice, we performed targeted electrical stimulation of left or right MHb-derived axons in acute slices. We discovered that the p

The interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) is a highly complex and evolutionarily conserved midbrain locus involved in social novelty preference and anxiety control. The IPN is characterised by a high density of the nerve-growth factor (NGF) receptor, TrkA; and notably, social stress strongly promotes brain NGF synthesis. The IPN is densely innervated by the nucleus incertus (NI), a stress-sensitive region that is the primary source of the neuropeptide, relaxin-3 (RLN3). In turn, IPN innervates the ventral hippocampus (vHPC), another key locus for social behaviour and anxiety control. However, the natu

Accurate discrimination between new and familiar stimuli is essential for adaptive responses to an ever-changing environment, and disruptions in this process are strongly related to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Stress is a primary mediator of the development of novelty response-related deficiencies; therefore, we investigated the neuronal mechanisms underlying the possible control of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), implicated in signaling novelty preference, by the highly stress-sensitive, brainstem nucleus incertus (NI), the primary central source of the neuropeptide, relaxin-3 (RLN