Topic: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Molecular signals mediating systemic inflammation entering the brain parenchyma to induce sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation could rapidly increase the plasma adenosine concentration, peaking at 6 hours post LPS injection (hpi). Using in vivo 2P-LSM imaging of adenosine sensor GRABAdo, we observed elevated adenosine levels in the cortex of awake mice, also peaking at 6 hpi. These concomitant pathological events strongly suggest adenosine in the circulation can join forces to

The activity of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), is controlled by various neurotransmitters and modulators. For instance, monoamines such as serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), have been reported to modulate the physiological functions of microglia. However, altered concentrations of monoamines have been observed in pathologies of the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease or major depressive disorder. Remarkably, changes in monoamine levels happen in synchrony with altered microglial functions during CNS diseases. Thus, a reduced immune modulation thro