Topic: medial ganglionic eminence

Proper interneuron migration and distribution are essential for optimal brain function. Disruptions of this process can impair the excitation/inhibition balance, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. As such, ionizing radiation poses a particular risk to the developing brain, as it can lead to excessive fetal DNA damage and subsequent microcephaly. Although research on radiation-induced microcephaly has mainly focused on glutamatergic excitatory neurons, the impact on GABAergic interneurons is equally crucial. Understanding potential disruptions is essential for comprehensive insights into

Astrocytes constitute a heterogeneous population of cells in terms of function and morphology. Although several embryonic sources of cortical astrocytes have been reported, cortical progenitors located from the dorsal pallium are considered their main production site. However, the potential link between the heterogeneity of cortical astrocytes and their developmental origin remains elusive. Recently, we identified a new embryonic source for cortical protoplasmic astrocytes located outside of the dorsal pallium, in a restricted domain containing Aldh1L1-expressing cells. In order to further cha

Approximately 25% of all cortical neurons are inhibitory interneurons, with somatostatin-positive interneurons (SST+ interneurons) representing a distinct subtype expressing both somatostatin and GABA. These cells form synapses with pyramidal neurons and other interneurons, crucial for modulating cortical information processing and maintaining excitation/inhibition balance. Originating from the medial ganglionic eminence, SST+ interneurons follow a tangential pathway to the cortex, making them susceptible to gene mutations affecting neuronal migration. One such gene, Platelet-activating factor

GABAergic neurons are produced outside cortical proliferative zones and migrate tangentially into the cortex using various routes, including the marginal zone (MZ). Analyzing Nissl and immunohistochemically processed postmortem brain tissue, we observed that between postconceptional week 15 and 20 in human, and between embryonic day 64 and 75 in the cynomolgus monkey, the width of the MZ doubled and the density of small cells expressing calretinin, calbindin, somatostatin and glutamate-decarboxylase (GAD) increased. We also observed that the major sources of these prospective GABAergic neurons