Topic: misses

Auditory memory is critical for nearly every daily task we perform involving sounds. However, memory is also imperfect, and the reasons for memory errors remain poorly understood. We probed auditory memory using a sound recognition experiment: sounds were presented serially, with some repeating, and participants judged whether each stimulus had occurred previously. Recognition was well above chance but decreased with the number of intervening stimuli between the first and second presentations of repeated sounds (the interstimulus interval; ISI). Some sounds were mistakenly judged to be novel w

Decisions are often biased by implicit or explicit preferences for one response alternative over another. Recent work suggests that such decision biases are influenced by task-evoked (phasic) increases in neuromodulation, as measured by pupil size, in line with theories proposing that neuromodulatory systems may regulate the balance between bottom-up and top-down processes. Although intriguing, there is scarce causal evidence tying neuromodulator activity to decision biases. Here, we manipulated decision bias through non-monetary punishments to specific errors (false alarms or misses) while up