Topic: molecular motion

Melissa and Jam explore reverse osmosis through molecular motion, pressure and membrane separation. They also discuss limits and waste in water purification, questions about aluminium foil in dishwashers and sacrificial metals, and how mixtures of differently sized solid particles can separate through the Brazil-nut effect.

Melissa and Jam examine bird flight at the scale of air molecules. The discussion considers lift, momentum transfer, wing shape, angle and flapping, explains the limits of common Bernoulli-based accounts, and relates airflow to the molecular motion underlying the macroscopic behaviour of gases.