Topic: mossy fiber boutons

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) is a soluble secreted protein which links Adam22/23 proteins across the synaptic cleft and is also abundant in the axon initial segments of in the hippocampus. Anti-LGI1 autoantibodies have been found in CSF and serum of acquired epilepsy patients with symptoms of limbic encephalitis with amnesia and seizures. Previous studies showed human LGI1 autoantibodies co-precipitated with voltage-gated (VG) potassium channel complexes in rodent tissue. As VG-ion channels help maintain homeostasis in hippocampal action potentials, dysregulation of these channels

Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of mTORopathies such a Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and mTOR hyperactivity-associated Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), both characterized by severe cognitive dysfunctions. On the other hand, medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) is associated with mTOR hyperactivity within the hippocampal formation and cognitive deficits, particularly pertaining to pattern separation and episodic memory. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) subregion is crucial for gating the flow and separating the patterns of cortical information inputs, transmitting them via DG granule cell mossy