Topic: mTOR hyperactivation

Focal Cortical Dysplasia IIB (FCDIIB) represents a large variety of cortical malformations associated with abnormal cortical layering and appearance of dysmorphic neuronal elements, often occurring in the frontal cortex. FCDIIB is a common cause of pharmaco-resistant epilepsies and altered local neuronal activity has been reported in human FCDIIB tissue samples. Local cortical microcircuits are extensively modulated by monoaminergic axonal projections arising from the brain stem. Previous analysis of monoaminergic modulatory inputs in human FCDIIB biopsies suggested altered density and distrib

Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of mTORopathies such a Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and mTOR hyperactivity-associated Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), both characterized by severe cognitive dysfunctions. On the other hand, medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) is associated with mTOR hyperactivity within the hippocampal formation and cognitive deficits, particularly pertaining to pattern separation and episodic memory. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) subregion is crucial for gating the flow and separating the patterns of cortical information inputs, transmitting them via DG granule cell mossy