Topic: multielectrode array

Biological neural networks show an inherent structure and connections that are reproduced across individuals. It is still largely unknown how the structure of such networks is correlated with their observed functional dynamics and computational output. Detailed investigation of network structure and its functional implications is challenging. For instance, in vivo studies do not allow for isolated analysis of network motifs. As basic elements of neuronal systems, these motifs need careful consideration. In contrast, the main obstacle in vitro is to create defined network structures down to the

Human brain organoids offer a unique opportunity to understand developmental milestones, but we still have limited knowledge about the complex molecular mechanisms involved in long-term processes of maturation and maintenance of the tissue. In this study, we profiled brain cortical organoids cultured for periods from 180 to over 1000 days using single-cell RNA-sequencing, electron microscopy and functional assays.Our analysis revealed various neuronal populations with specific subclusters that gradually decreased in complexity over time, while astrocyte populations became more prominent. We hy

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) influences the function of nearly all tissues in the body, regulating various physiological processes. When compared to the central nervous system (CNS) type of neurons, an equivalent understanding of the functional properties of human PNS neurons is lacking in vitro while there is a need for better characterization of electrophysiologically mature human PNS neurons. Generating subtypes of human PNS neurons opens possibilities for physiologically more relevant innervation and OoC models both in health and disease.Here, we modified existing differentiation pr

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurodegeneration due to an accumulation of abnormal amounts of neurodegenerative proteins (NP). Elevated levels of NP have also been observed in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) which brings neurodegeneration into association with an increased risk of epileptic seizures. This study aimed to provide pilot data on the possible relationship between excitability and neurodegeneration. Electrical activity was recorded at 37°C using the multielectrode array (MEA) technique in cerebral organoids prepared from induced pluripotent stem c

Patients with mutations in the PRRT2 gene (proline-rich transmembrane protein 2) are characterized by a large spectrum of neurological disorders, including mainly benign epilepsy and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. PRRT2 is a neuronal protein implicated in the modulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel, in particular NaV 1.2 and 1.6. Indeed, a dysregulation of this gene could lead to hyperexcitability due to the loss of the Na+ channel modulation. To better understand the mechanism, we generated glutamatergic induced neurons (glutamatergic iNeurons) from PRRT2 induced pluripotent stem c

The use of light to control neuronal activity has become an emerging field of research that may enable new neurotechnologies for monitoring brain activity. One of the most promising and yet underexplored nanomaterials for neuronal photoactivation are plasmonic nanoparticles that by converting light into heat, they can stimulate neurons through activation of thermosensitive channels. Here we show experimental evidences on photo-modulation of primary CTX neurons by using anisotropic gold nanoparticles and IR laser irradiation. Gold nanoparticles are retained on cell membrane by selective targeti

Synapse loss is a key feature of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Emerging evidence points toward the involvement of glial cells, alongside neurons, in disease progression. Understanding how glia remodel synaptic connections is crucial for understanding the onset of AD. Additionally, in the context of AD-specific risk genes, how this intricate balance is disrupted will aid in deciphering early disease mechanisms. In this study, primary glia cells were co-cultured in 3D with primary neurons pre-treated with pharmacological modulators targeting amyloid precursor protein (APP) proce