Topic: NEMO

It is beyond doubt that cognitive phenomena such as language and reasoning are the direct product of the activity of neurons and synapses. Making progress on this open question, often called the bridging problem, was identified by Richard Axel as the most important challenge in neuroscience today. The research community must identify, from among the ever growing volume of neuroscientific knowledge a conceptual core of basic elements and principles which may suffice for bringing about the brain’s function. Here we describe such a minimalistic model of the brain, and we demonstrate its power by

Current electrophysiological approaches can track the activity of many neurons, yet it is usually unknown which cell-types or brain areas are being recorded without further molecular or histological analysis. Developing accurate and scalable algorithms for identifying the cell-type and brain region of recorded neurons is thus crucial for improving our understanding of neural computation. In this work, we develop a multimodal contrastive learning approach for neural data that can be fine-tuned for different downstream tasks, including inference of cell-type and brain location. We utilize this a

Hypertension (HT) is a leading risk factor for brain injury. Endothelial dysfunction can be observed in HT and may result in blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, which leads to neuroinflammation. We aimed to assess the contribution of brain endothelial dysfunction to HT-induced brain injury in mice. We induced the loss of NEMO, the essential modulator of nuclear factor-κB, in brain endothelial cells (NemobeKO). Control mice received tamoxifen (NemoFl). HT was induced by chronic infusion of angiotensin II and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in the drinking water for 28 days. After 7 days, HT m

Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) are widely used to measure neural activity. Here, we explore the use of systemically administered PHP.eB AAVs for brain-wide expression of GECIs and compare the expression properties to intracerebrally injected AAVs in male mice. We show that systemic administration is a promising strategy for imaging neural activity. Next, we establish the use of EE-RR- (soma) and RPL10a (Ribo) soma-targeting peptides with the latest jGCaMP and show that EE-RR-tagged jGCaMP8 gives rise to strong expression but limited soma-targeting. In contrast, Ribo-tagged jGCaMP8