Topic: PI3K-AKT signaling pathway

Parkinson's disease (PD) is progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra. Neurotoxins, such as rotenone and 6-hydroxidopamine are widely used to induce in vitro model of PD. These neurotoxins induce mitochondrial dysfunction and increase oxidative stress, leading to neuronal degeneration and cell death by apoptosis. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS), along with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in neuroprotection. Levels of both DHEA(S) and BDNF d

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the progressive loss of cognitive functions, predominantly affecting older individuals. It is often accompanied by behavioral and psychological symptoms, significantly impacting dementia prognosis and treatment. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, primarily affecting neurons in the cortex and hippocampus. The main pathological features of AD include extracellular accumulations of amyloid beta peptides in amyloid plaques and intracellular accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles. Since there is