Topic: single-cell calcium imaging

Learning relationships between cues in our environment enables us to recognise common underlying structures of events and is thought to form the basis of episodic memory. This type of learning - often called relational or structural learning - requires retaining the identity of a stimulus as well as its relation to other cues, for example its position in time or location in space. One area implicated in structural learning is the hippocampus. Specifically, neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus have been shown to represent variables essential for constructing a relational structure of the

Overgeneralization of negative memories is a cognitive feature and predisposing factor for depression. Variable aversive events promote both memory overgeneralization and depression. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting memory generalization to depression remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mice that undergo two contextual fear conditionings (CFC) in altered, but not the same context, exhibit generalization of fear memories and depression-like behaviors. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST) projection promotes both memory generalizatio