Topic: temporal context

An important ability for successful interaction with the environment is the estimation of magnitudes such as the duration of an event. To improve duration estimates, the brain must compensate for sensory uncertainty, which it does by encoding the statistical regularities that link co-occurring stimuli and tasks (i.e., temporal context). The entorhinal cortex (EC) supports the encoding of such task regularities, which has been suggested to rely on grid cells that the EC is known to harbor. On population level, grid cells exhibit a six-fold rotational symmetry as a function of gaze direction, wh

Computer vision algorithms now allow neuroscientists to quantify animal movement in unprecedented detail, shedding new light on problems in motor control, social behavior, navigation, and beyond. Existing models are only trained with labeled frames (supervised learning). Although effective in many cases, the supervised approach requires extensive image annotation, struggles to generalize to new videos, and produces noisy outputs that hinder downstream analyses. We address each of these limitations by introducing unlabeled video clips to model training and inference, and exploiting their spatio

Humans exhibit highly structured patterns of memory recall. For example, when recalling a previously studied sequence of items, two patterns are often observed. First, after recalling any given item, the next recall tends to be an item studied in temporal proximity to the just-recalled item. Second, items tend to be recalled in the same order they were studied. To explain these findings, a prominent computational model called Temporal Context Model (TCM) posits the existence of a slowly-drifting temporal context that mediates encoding and retrieval of item sequences. While this model uses a ha

What information do cortical neurons along the visual hierarchy encode for? The classic view that neural populations in the visual cortex preferentially encode responses to visual stimuli has been strongly challenged by recent experimental studies. For example, a large fraction of variance in V1 responses in rodents can be attributed to behavioral state1, trial-history2, etc. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study demonstrating that the cortical visual hierarchy differentially encodes the temporal context and expectation of visual stimuli. We measured layer-specifi