Topic: TMS-EEG

How reliably can non-invasive brain stimulation establish causal relationships in cognition, and which factors change its effects? This workshop examines the empirical, methodological and theoretical limits of causal inference with transcranial stimulation. It connects stimulation protocols, individual variability and biomarkers with multi-laboratory replication and open-science practice. The programme covers concurrent TMS-fMRI, white-matter pathways, paired associative stimulation, electric-field modelling and memory-related electrical stimulation. A satellite session includes practical TMS-