Topic: TNFR1

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism is an important regulator of CNS neuroglial activity and immune system function. Here, novel factors influencing the kynurenine pathway (KP) are presented, with preliminary data examining links with TNF, a mediator known to have substantial clinical relevance. Bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), THP-1 and, RAW264.7 lines and mice lacking TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) were used. Gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results showed that the bacterial serine protease subtilisin and mammalian prostate specific antigen (PSA) induced expression of IDO

Patients with liver cirrhosis show hyperammonemia and peripheral inflammation and may show hepatic encephalopathy with cognitive impairment, reproduced by rats with chronic hyperammonemia. Peripheral inflammation induces neuroinflammation in hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats, altering neurotransmission and leading to cognitive impairment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may transmit pathological effects from the periphery to the brain. The aims were to assess whether EVs from plasma of hyperammonemic rats (HA-EVs) induce cognitive impairment and to identify the underlying mechanisms.HA-EVs were