behavioural abilities
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Neuroscience in the mud: interplay between lab and field research for understanding animal behavior
Investigations of the neurophysiological processes underlying animal behaviors are almost exclusively done inside the laboratory, typically using few animal models born and reared under artificially stabilized conditions. Yet, animals living in the wild have to cope with much complex and variable environments. Thus, while the laboratory provides the technical possibilities for physiological research, the field offers a more realistic perspective about the animal´s behavioral abilities. We study neural circuits underlying the visually guided prey and predator behaviors in a semiterrestrial crab. By combining lab and field experiments we have, for example, found that the level of predation risk experienced by the animals in the wild affects the responsiveness of identified neurons involved in the animal escape response. Using this and other results from my lab I will illustrate and discuss the importance of complementing lab with field studies in wild animals for understanding the neural mechanisms subserving behavior.
Revealing the neural basis of human memory with direct recordings of place and grid cells and traveling waves
The ability to remember spatial environments is critical for everyday life. In this talk, I will discuss my lab’s findings on how the human brain supports spatial memory and navigation based on our experiments with direct brain recordings from neurosurgical patients performing virtual-reality spatial memory tasks. I will show that humans have a network of neurons that represent where we are located and trying to go. This network includes some cell types that are similar to those seen in animals, such as place and grid cells, as well as others that have not been seen before in animals, such as anchor and spatial-target cells. I also will explore the role of network oscillations in human memory, where humans again show several distinctive patterns compared to animals. Whereas rodents generally show a hippocampal oscillation at ~8Hz, humans have two separate hippocampal oscillations, at low and high frequencies, which support memory and navigation, respectively. Finally, I will show that neural oscillations in humans are traveling waves, propagating across the cortex, to coordinate the timing of neuronal activity across regions, which is another property not seen in animals. A theme from this work is that in terms of navigation and memory the human brain has novel characteristics compared with animals, which helps explain our rich behavioural abilities and has implications for treating disease and neurological disorders.
behavioural abilities coverage
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