2022 Nobel Prize Lectures in Physics

Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger describe how questions about the foundations of quantum mechanics became experimentally testable and technologically productive. The lectures connect Bell’s inequalities with measurements of correlations between entangled photons, explaining how experiments discriminate between quantum predictions and local hidden-variable descriptions. Clauser and Aspect discuss the development of tests and the importance of their experimental assumptions and loopholes. Zeilinger develops the use of entanglement as a resource, including experiments on quantum teleportation and information processing. The programme follows the path from foundational doubts to controlled manipulation of quantum states, bringing together conceptual questions, experimental design and the origins of quantum information science.