Web-based self-help interventions for coping with prolonged grief have established their efficacy. However, few programs address recent losses and investigate the effect of self-tailoring of the content. In an international project, the text-based self-help program LIVIA was adapted and complemented with an Embodied Conversational Agent, an initial risk assessment and a monitoring tool. The new program SOLENA was evaluated in three trials in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Portugal. The aim of the trials was to evaluate the clinical efficacy for reducing grief, depression and loneliness and to examine client satisfaction and technology acceptance. The talk will present the SOLENA program and report results of the Portuguese and Dutch trial as well as preliminary results of the Swiss RCT. The ongoing Swiss trial compares a standardised to a self-tailored delivery format and analyses clinical outcomes, the helpfulness of specific content and the working alliance. Finally, lessons learned in the development and evaluation of a web-based self-help intervention for older adults will be discusses.

The taste system detects 5 major categories of ethologically relevant stimuli (sweet, bitter, umami, sour and salt) and accordingly elicits acceptance or avoidance responses. While these taste responses are innate, the taste system retains a remarkable flexibility in response to changing external and internal contexts. Taste chemicals are first recognized by dedicated taste receptor cells (TRCs) and then transmitted to the cortex via a multi-station relay. I reasoned that if I could identify taste neural substrates along this pathway, it would provide an entry to decipher how taste signals are encoded to drive innate response and modulated to facilitate adaptive response. Given the innate nature of taste responses, these neural substrates should be genetically identifiable. I therefore exploited single-cell RNA sequencing to isolate molecular markers defining taste qualities in the taste ganglion and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the brainstem, the two stations transmitting taste signals from TRCs to the brain. How taste information propagates from the ganglion to the brain is highly debated (i.e., does taste information travel in labeled-lines?). Leveraging these genetic handles, I demonstrated one-to-one correspondence between ganglion and NST neurons coding for the same taste. Importantly, inactivating one ‘line’ did not affect responses to any other taste stimuli. These results clearly showed that taste information is transmitted to the brain via labeled lines. But are these labeled lines aptly adapted to the internal state and external environment? I studied the modulation of taste signals by conflicting taste qualities in the concurrence of sweet and bitter to understand how adaptive taste responses emerge from hardwired taste circuits. Using functional imaging, anatomical tracing and circuit mapping, I found that bitter signals suppress sweet signals in the NST via top-down modulation by taste cortex and amygdala of NST taste signals. While the bitter cortical field provides direct feedback onto the NST to amplify incoming bitter signals, it exerts negative feedback via amygdala onto the incoming sweet signal in the NST. By manipulating this feedback circuit, I showed that this top-down control is functionally required for bitter evoked suppression of sweet taste. These results illustrate how the taste system uses dedicated feedback lines to finely regulate innate behavioral responses and may have implications for the context-dependent modulation of hardwired circuits in general.

Interactions between romantic partners may be disturbed by problematic mobile phone use, i.e., phubbing. Research shows that phubbing reduces the ability to be responsive, but emotional aspects of phubbing, such as experiences of anger and loneliness, have not been explored. Anger has been linked to partner blame in negative social interactions, whereas loneliness has been associated with low social acceptance. Moreover, two aspects of partner responsiveness, understanding and validation, refer to the ability to recognize partner’s perspective and convey acceptance of their point of view, respectively. High understanding and validation by partner have been found to prevent from negative affect during social interaction. The impact of understanding and validation on emotions has not been investigated in the context of phubbing, therefore we posit the following exploratory hypotheses. (1) Participants will report higher levels of anger and loneliness on days with phubbing by partner, compared to days without; (2) understanding and validation will moderate the relationship between phubbing intensity and levels of anger and loneliness. We conducted a daily diary study over seven days. Based on a sample of 133 participants in intimate relationships and living with their partners, we analyzed the nested within and between-person data using multilevel models. Participants reported higher levels of anger and loneliness on days they experienced phubbing. Both, understanding and validation, buffer the relationship between phubbing intensity and negative experiences, and the interaction effects indicate certain nuances between the two constructs. Our research provides a unique insight into how specific mechanisms related to couple interactions may explain experiences of anger and loneliness.

The ability to effectively regulate emotions is a fundamental skill related to physical and psychological health. In this talk, I will present behavioral and fMRI data from several different studies that examined cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression emotion regulation strategies in healthy controls participants and in the context of randomized trials of cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness- based stress reduction, and aerobic exercise as interventions for adults with anxiety disorders. We will also examine the implementation of different types of functional connectivity analytic approaches to probe intervention-related brain mechanism changes.

While classical industrial robots are mostly designed for repetitive tasks, assistive robots will be challenged by a variety of different tasks in close contact with humans. Hereby, learning through the direct interaction with humans provides a potentially powerful tool for an assistive robot to acquire new skills and to incorporate prior human knowledge during the exploration of novel tasks. Moreover, an intuitive interactive teaching process may allow non-programming experts to contribute to robotic skill learning and may help to increase acceptance of robotic systems in shared workspaces and everyday life. In this talk, I will discuss recent research I did on interactive robot skill learning and the remaining challenges on the route to human-centered teaching of assistive robots. In particular, I will also discuss potential connections and overlap with cognitive science. The presented work covers learning a library of probabilistic movement primitives from human demonstrations, intention aware adaptation of learned skills in shared workspaces, and multi-channel interactive reinforcement learning for sequential tasks.

Adolescence is a period of life characterised by heightened sensitivity to social stimuli, an increased need for peer interaction and peer acceptance, and development of the social brain. Lockdown and social distancing measures intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are reducing the opportunity to engage in face-to-face social interaction with peers. The consequences of social distancing on human social brain and social cognitive development are unknown, but animal research has shown that social deprivation and isolation have unique effects on brain and behaviour in adolescence compared with other stages of life. It is possible that social distancing might have a disproportionate effect on an age group for whom peer interaction is a vital aspect of development.