The Human Neuron Lab (@LabNeuron), led by Prof. Pierre Mégevand, is dedicated to advancing the detection and prediction of epileptic seizures. The lab also investigates the neuronal basis of human cognitive brain functions. For that purpose, the lab focuses on invasive neurophysiology in the human brain, including ECoG and stereo-EEG. Additionally, unique microelectrode recordings (using Utah arrays and microwire electrodes) give access to the activity of dozens of single neurons in the patient's brain in order to reveal novel markers of epileptic seizures at the neuronal population level. The lab is equipped with state-of-the-art technology for human invasive neurophysiology. It benefits from the powerful computing infrastructure of the University. Importantly, the lab is fully integrated with the epilepsy monitoring unit of Geneva University Hospitals, and thus boasts exceptional access to patients and recordings. This project focuses on defining novel markers of seizures in patients who suffer from epilepsy. Continuous intracranial EEG and microelectrode recordings will be acquired for several weeks. Single-unit activity will be tracked over time for multiple neurons. Activity within the neuronal population will be examined for the presence of patterns that are specific to the patient’s seizures. The performance of seizure detection and prediction using microelectrode recordings will be compared to existing algorithms based on intracranial EEG data. Research tasks: - Acquire, analyze, and curate a uniquely rich dataset of human intracranial EEG and microelectrode recordings - Build a pipeline for semi-automated single-neuron identification and tracking - Establish novel markers of neuronal population activity that identify seizures - Participate in the mapping of sensory, motor and language functions in epilepsy patients - Daily interactions with the patients and staff of the epilepsy monitoring unit Work environment: The University of Geneva is a prestigious research hub in neuroscience, federating many labs that cover the full spectrum from basic to cognitive, translational and clinical research. The neuroscience community in Geneva is also strengthened by rich collaborations with other research institutions, including Campus Biotech, the Wyss Center, and the EPFL. This project is fully funded by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation. The PhD and post-doc positions are open for up to 4 years each. Swiss salaries are very attractive in international comparison. The positions will open from May 2021 onwards. Please send your application, including a letter of intent, curriculum vitae, list of publications, and at least two references, by e-mail to: Prof. Pierre Mégevand Division of neurology, Geneva University Hospitals Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland pierre.megevand@unige.ch

The postdoc will be involved in cognitive neuroscience research, specifically in the intracranial EEG recordings. The projects include 'the interplay of movement and touch', which involves analysis of iEEG dynamics during reaching to tactile stimuli on the body, and 'from simple to natural and ecologically valid stimuli', which involves investigating brain responses measured by iEEG among stimuli gradually ranging from the simplest to very complex. The postdoc will also have the opportunity to propose new ideas for research.

The Department of Neurology at Jersey Shore University Medical Center, New Jersey, USA is seeking a full time postdoctoral candidate to work on basic, clinical and translational projects in the fields of seizures, epilepsy, human intracranial EEG, signal processing, and cognition. The researcher will join a multidisciplinary team of five epileptologists, neurosurgeons, epilepsy nurses, nurse practitioners, neuropsychologists and researchers providing holistic care to patients with epilepsy. The researcher will have access to the large clinical, imaging, and EEG data bases, and outcome measures within the system for research purposes. The successful candidate will be well versed in data collection, processing, programming and will lead an independent research project working closely with the collaborators.

In most brains across the animal kingdom, brain dynamics can enter pathological states that are recognisable as epileptic seizures. Yet usually, brain operate within certain constraints given through neuronal function and synaptic coupling, that will prevent epileptic seizure dynamics from emerging. In this talk, I will bring together different approaches to identifying how networks in the broadest sense shape brain dynamics. Using illustrative examples from intracranial EEG recordings, disorders characterised by molecular disruption of a single neurotransmitter receptor type, to single-cell recordings of whole-brain activity in the larval zebrafish, I will address three key questions - (1) how does the regionally specific composition of synaptic receptors shape ongoing physiological brain activity; (2) how can disruption of this regionally specific balance result in abnormal brain dynamics; and (3) which cellular patterns underly the transition into an epileptic seizure.

The development of circuit-based therapeutics to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases require detailed localization and understanding of electrophysiological signals in the human brain. Electrodes can record and stimulate circuits in many ways, and we often rely on non-invasive imaging methods to predict the location to implant electrodes. However, electrophysiological and imaging signals measure the underlying tissue in a fundamentally different manner. To integrate multimodal data and benefit from these complementary measurements, I will describe an approach that considers how different measurements integrate signals across the underlying tissue. I will show how this approach helps relate fMRI and intracranial EEG measurements and provides new insights into how electrical stimulation influences human brain networks.

The view of human brain function has drastically shifted over the last decade, owing to the observation that the majority of brain activity is intrinsic rather than driven by external stimuli or cognitive demands. Specifically, all brain regions continuously communicate in spatiotemporally organized patterns that constitute the functional connectome, with consequences for cognition and behavior. In this talk, I will argue that another shift is underway, driven by new insights from synergistic interrogation of the functional connectome using different acquisition methods. The human functional connectome is typically investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that relies on the indirect hemodynamic signal, thereby emphasizing very slow connectivity across brain regions. Conversely, more recent methodological advances demonstrate that fast connectivity within the whole-brain connectome can be studied with real-time methods such as electroencephalography (EEG). Our findings show that combining fMRI with scalp or intracranial EEG in humans, especially when recorded concurrently, paints a rich picture of neural communication across the connectome. Specifically, the connectome comprises both fast, oscillation-based connectivity observable with EEG, as well as extremely slow processes best captured by fMRI. While the fast and slow processes share an important degree of spatial organization, these processes unfold in a temporally independent manner. Our observations suggest that fMRI and EEG may be envisaged as capturing distinct aspects of functional connectivity, rather than intermodal measurements of the same phenomenon. Infraslow fluctuation-based and rapid oscillation-based connectivity of various frequency bands constitute multiple dynamic trajectories through a shared state space of discrete connectome configurations. The multitude of flexible trajectories may concurrently enable functional connectivity across multiple independent sets of distributed brain regions.